Including
“Including” 常作介词使用,用来引出被纳入的具体对象,强调“这部分也算在整体里”。它比 include 更常见于句中列举。
- “We visited five cities, including Paris.” (我们去了五座城市,包括巴黎。)
- “Everyone, including the manager, agreed with the plan.” (所有人都同意这个计划,包括经理。)
- “The app supports many languages, including Chinese.” (这个应用支持多种语言,包括中文。)
该词来源于 include,核心意义始终是“把某事物算进整体中”。
“Including” = include + -ing。这里的 “-ing” 词形常固定为介词用法,表示“包括”。
在正式写作和报告里,including 常用于补充关键信息,能让列举更精确,减少理解歧义。
- 固定搭配: “including but not limited to” (包括但不限于), “everyone including” (包括每个人)
- 相关词: “include” (包含), “included” (被包含的)
把 including 理解成“把后面的内容也一起放进来”,就容易掌握它在列举中的作用。
“The workshop was open to all departments, including interns, so the room quickly filled up.” (这个工作坊向所有部门开放,包括实习生,因此教室很快就坐满了。)