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Including

“Including” 常作介词使用,用来引出被纳入的具体对象,强调“这部分也算在整体里”。它比 include 更常见于句中列举。

  1. “We visited five cities, including Paris.” (我们去了五座城市,包括巴黎。)
  2. “Everyone, including the manager, agreed with the plan.” (所有人都同意这个计划,包括经理。)
  3. “The app supports many languages, including Chinese.” (这个应用支持多种语言,包括中文。)

该词来源于 include,核心意义始终是“把某事物算进整体中”。

“Including” = include + -ing。这里的 “-ing” 词形常固定为介词用法,表示“包括”。

在正式写作和报告里,including 常用于补充关键信息,能让列举更精确,减少理解歧义。

  • 固定搭配: “including but not limited to” (包括但不限于), “everyone including” (包括每个人)
  • 相关词: “include” (包含), “included” (被包含的)

把 including 理解成“把后面的内容也一起放进来”,就容易掌握它在列举中的作用。

“The workshop was open to all departments, including interns, so the room quickly filled up.” (这个工作坊向所有部门开放,包括实习生,因此教室很快就坐满了。)